Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

What is biology? - ANSWER-the study of living things What are the levels of organization that biologist use - ANSWER-organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere What is required for something to be alive - ANSWER-Homeostasis, Reproduction, Response to envi, growth Can energy be reused - ANSWER-No What are the taxonomic categories used to designate a species - ANSWER-Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Speci...

NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 with Complete Solutions Metabolism the totality of an organism's chemical reactions Metabolic pathway Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product. catabolic pathway release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds anabolic pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones - proteins are synthesized from simpler molecules called amino acids ...

What is Organic Chemistry? - ANSWER-The study of compounds that contain carbon What are Organic Compounds? - ANSWER-They are carbon-based molecules What happens if you bond a Carbon atom with a Hydrogen atom? - ANSWER-This will give you a hydrocarbon. What holds Hydrocarbons together? - ANSWER-Carbon Skeleton. What are Isomers? - ANSWER-Are compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structures and properties. What are the three types of Isomers? - ANSWER-Structu...

All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a A) community B) ecosystem C) family D) population - ANSWERS-D) population Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to A) the energy of motion B) carbon dioxide and water C) chemical energy D) oxygen E) kinetic energy - ANSWERS-C) chemical energy The primary source of energy for producers in an ecosys...

About 20-25% of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? A) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen B) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen C) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen E) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium - ANSWER-D) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a t...

The cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones is defined as A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism - ANSWER-E) catabolism The cellular process of synthesizing large molecules from smaller ones is defined as A) catalysis B) metabolism C) anabolism D) dehydration E) catabolism - ANSWER-C) anabolism Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways? A) They do not depend on enzymes B) They are usually spontaneous chemical ...

Eukaryotic chromatin is composed of A) condensed DNA only B) DNA and RNA C) DNA and carbohydrates D) DNA and proteins E) DNA and ribosomes - ANSWER-D) DNA and proteins Humans produce skin cells by mitosis and gametes by meiosis. The nuclei of skin cells produced by mitosis will have A) half as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis B) the same amount of DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis C) twice as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meios...

Which of the following descriptions correctly defines a genome? A) representation of a complete set of a cell's polypeptides B) the complete set of an organism's polypeptides C) a karyotype D) the complete set of an organism's genes - ANSWER-D) the complete set of an organism's genes Which of the following is the smallest unit that would contain a complete copy of the entire human genome? A) one human somatic cell B) one human chromosome C) all of the DNA of one human D) one human...

Garrod hypothesized that inherited diseases such as alkaptonuria, the inability to metabolize the chemical alkapton, occur because A) metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant nutritional deficiencies B) many metabolic enzymes use DNA as a cofactor, and affected individuals have mutations that prevent their enzymes from interacting efficiently with DNA C) certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack ...

If, on average, 46% of the loci in a species' gene pool are heterozygous, then the average homozygosity of the species should be A) 23% B) 46% C) 54% D) There is not enough information to say - ANSWER-C) 54% Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true? A) Each bird evolved a deeper, stronger beak as the drought persisted B) Each bird's survival was strongly influenced by the depth and strength of its beak as the dro...

Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct? I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation. II. Biological species are the models used for grouping extinct forms of life. III. The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible. A) I and II B) I and III C) II and III D) I, II, and III - ANSWER-B) I and III There is still some controversy among biologi...